What type of lighting condition is described as achieving a desired effect by blocking and absorbing light?

The type of lighting condition that achieves a desired effect by blocking and absorbing light is best described as absorption. This process involves materials or surfaces taking in light rather than reflecting or transmitting it. For example, dark-colored materials tend to absorb more light, which can help create specific visual effects in a space or during an event. This can be particularly important in fields like theater or architectural design, where control over light and shadow is crucial for the intended atmosphere.

Illumination refers to the act of providing light, which does not involve the blocking or absorption of light. Diffusion pertains to the spreading of light through a medium; rather than blocking it, diffusion modifies the way light appears by scattering it. Reflection involves bouncing light off surfaces, which is contrary to the concept of absorbing light. In this context, absorption is the correct choice because it directly pertains to the influence of materials and their interaction with light to achieve specific visual outcomes.